Maven生命周期
Maven的三个生命周期：clean、default和site。
1. 简介
Maven共有三个相互独立的生命周期（Build Lifecycle）：clean、default和site。
每个生命周期又可以细分成不同的阶段（Phase）。
2. clean生命周期
clean生命周期用于清理工程。
| 阶段 | 功能 |
|---|---|
| pre-clean | executes processes needed prior to the actual project cleaning 执行在真正清理前需要完成的工作。缺省为空。 |
| clean | remove all files generated by the previous build 清理上一次构建时生成的文件。缺省为删除 target 目录。 |
| post-clean | executes processes needed to finalize the project cleaning 执行在清理后需要完成的工作。缺省为空。 |
3. default生命周期
default生命周期用于构建。
| 阶段 | 功能 |
|---|---|
| validate | validate the project is correct and all necessary information is available. |
| initialize | initialize build state, e.g. set properties or create directories. |
| generate-sources | generate any source code for inclusion in compilation. |
| process-sources | process the source code, for example to filter any values. |
| generate-resources | generate resources for inclusion in the package. |
| process-resources | copy and process the resources into the destination directory, ready for packaging. |
| compile | compile the source code of the project. 编译项目中的源码 |
| process-classes | post-process the generated files from compilation, for example to do bytecode enhancement on Java classes. |
| generate-test-sources | generate any test source code for inclusion in compilation. |
| process-test-sources | process the test source code, for example to filter any values. |
| generate-test-resources | create resources for testing. |
| process-test-resources | copy and process the resources into the test destination directory. |
| test-compile | compile the test source code into the test destination directory |
| process-test-classes | post-process the generated files from test compilation, for example to do bytecode enhancement on Java classes. For Maven 2.0.5 and above. |
| test | run tests using a suitable unit testing framework. These tests should not require the code be packaged or deployed. 使用单元测试框架执行测试用例 |
| prepare-package | perform any operations necessary to prepare a package before the actual packaging. This often results in an unpacked, processed version of the package. (Maven 2.1 and above) |
| package | take the compiled code and package it in its distributable format, such as a JAR. 将编译好的代码打包。如：打成 jar 包 |
| pre-integration-test | perform actions required before integration tests are executed. This may involve things such as setting up the required environment. |
| integration-test | process and deploy the package if necessary into an environment where integration tests can be run. |
| post-integration-test | perform actions required after integration tests have been executed. This may including cleaning up the environment. |
| verify | run any checks to verify the package is valid and meets quality criteria. |
| install | install the package into the local repository, for use as a dependency in other projects locally. 将包安装到本地仓库，以便本地的其它项目可以使用。 |
| deploy | done in an integration or release environment, copies the final package to the remote repository for sharing with other developers and projects. 将包部署到远端的仓库，以便其他开发人员可以使用。 |
4. site生命周期
site生命周期用于建立和发布项目站点。
| 阶段 | 功能 |
|---|---|
| pre-site | executes processes needed prior to the actual project site generation |
| site | generates the project's site documentation |
| post-site | executes processes needed to finalize the site generation, and to prepare for site deployment |
| site-deploy | deploys the generated site documentation to the specified web server |
5. 执行顺序
执行 Maven 的主要方式就是调用 Maven 生命周期阶段。
注意：生命周期是相互独立的，但一个生命周期内部的阶段则是顺序的，要想执行后一个阶段，必须先执行前一个阶段。
- mvn clean : 调用 clean 生命周期的 clean 阶段。
- mvn test : 调用 default 生命周期的 test 阶段（及 test 阶段前的所有阶段）。
- mvn clean deploy : 先调用 clean 生命周期的 clean 阶段， 再调用 default 生命周期的 deploy 阶段。由于 deploy 是 default 生命周期中的最后一个阶段，所以执行了整个 default 生命周期。
通过执行下面的代码，可以更好的理解 phase 与 lifeCycle 之间的关系。 MvnPhase.java
参考
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